The professors listed below are arranged chronologically by first year of teaching. Note that students were also sometimes instructed by a Writing Master or (if they paid the extra fees to an approved teacher) by an instructor in drawing or one of the modern languages.
| William Smith | Professor of Ethics | 1754-1791 |
| Francis Alison A.M. (hon.) 1759 |
Professor of Greek and Latin | 1755-1759 |
| Theophilus Grew A.M. (hon.) 1757 |
Professor of Mathematics | 1755-1759 |
| Ebenezer Kinnersley A.M. (hon.) 1757 |
Professor of English and Oratory | 1755-1772 |
| Johann Matthias Kramer | Professor of French and German 1755 | 1755 |
| Paul Jackson A.M. (hon.) 1757 |
Professor of Greek and Latin | 1756-1758 |
| John Beveridge | Professor of Greek and Latin | 1758-1767 |
| John Ewing A.M. (hon.) 1759 |
Professor of Ethics and of Natural Philosophy |
1758-1762 1762-1778 |
| Jacob Duché A.B. 1757, A.M. 1760 |
Professor of Oratory | 1759-1778 |
| Hugh Williamson A.B. 1757, A.M. 1760, LL.D. (hon.) 1787 |
Professor of Mathematics | 1761-1763 |
| Thomas Pratt | Professor of Mathematics | 1760-1761, 1763-1766 |
| Thomas Dungan A.B. 1765, A.M. 1767 |
Professor of Mathematics | 1766-1769 |
| Paul Fooks | Professor of French and Spanish | 1766-1779 |
| James Davidson A.M. (hon.) 1780 |
Professor of Greek and Latin | 1768-1779, 1782-1806 |
| James Cannon A.B. 1767 |
Professor of English and Mathematics | 1773-1782 |
| James Wilson A.M. (Honorary) 1766; LL.D. 1790 |
Professor of Law | 1773, 1790-1798 |
| David Rittenhouse A.M. (hon.) 1767 |
Professor of Astronomy | 1779-1782 |
| Robert Davidson A.B. 1771, A.M. (ad eundem) 1780, D.D. (hon.) 1784 |
Professor of Greek and Latin and of History |
1780-1782 1782-1784 |
| John Christopher Kunze A.M. (hon.) 1780, D.D. (hon.) 1783 |
German Professor of Philology Professor of Oriental and German Languages |
1780-1782 1782-1784 |
| Archibald Gamble A.B. 1771 |
Professor of Oratory and English Language | 1782-1784 |
| Samuel Magaw A.B. 1757, A.M. 1760, D.D. (hon.) 1783 |
Professor of Moral Philosophy | 1782-1791 |
| Robert Patterson A.M. (hon.) 1788, LL.D. (hon.) 1819 |
Professor of Mathematics and of Natural Philosophy |
1782-1813 1810-1813 |
| Justus H.C. Helmuth A.M. (hon.) 1780, D.D. (hon.) 1785 |
German Professor of Philology Professor of the German and Oriental Languages |
1784-1791 1792-1794 |
| John Andrews A.B. 1765, A.M. 1767 |
Professor of Moral Philosophy | 1789-1813 |
| William Rogers A.M. (hon.) 1773, D.D. (hon.) 1790 |
Professor of Oratory and English Language | 1789-1811 |